HappyMap

Estate Agent Finchley

2006-07-26T07:40:00.000-07:00

Lets Go has been an established Estate Agent Finchley since 1994 specializing in Lettings, Management and Sales.Our offices are in the heart of North Finchley enabling us to focus on our main areas where we have unrivalled local knowledge and specialise in property for sale Finchley,North, East, West and Central Finchley, property for sale North Hendon, property for sale North Whetstone, property for sale Golders Green and property for sale Woodford Park. We also cover property for sale Barnet

James Hull Cosmetic cosmetic dentistry

2006-07-18T08:40:00.000-07:00

Having recently moved to Birmingham and being completely passionate about my James Hull Cosmetic dental hygiene I was very pleased to find when searching online that there is a James Hull Dentists in Birmingham
. After booking my appointment my Dental Consultant offer me a range of treatments from Braces, Dental Veneers, cosmetic dentistry to Teeth Whitening. I overlooked the cosmetic dentistry but had the teeth whitening treatment which was has a new laser teeth whitening technology which is apparently the first in Birmingham. James Hull Dentists in Birmingham are centrally located and are without a doubt the best Cosmetic Dentists in Birmingham has to offer.

Elizabeth Ii

2005-11-18T22:45:00.000-08:00

Elizabeth was the elder daughter of Albert, duke of York, and his wife, Lady Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon. As the child of a younger son of King George V, the young Elizabeth had little prospect of acceding to the throne until her uncle, Edward VIII (afterward duke of Windsor), abdicated

Acadia National Park

2005-07-27T22:15:00.000-07:00

National park on the Atlantic coast of Maine, U.S., astride Frenchman Bay. It has an area of 65 square miles (168 square km) and was originally established as Sieur de Monts National Monument (1916), named for Pierre du Guast, sieur (lord) de Monts. It became the first national park in the eastern United States, as Lafayette National Park in 1919, and was renamed Acadia in 1929 to preserve the historic

Caracalla

2005-07-26T03:45:00.000-07:00

Also spelled Caracallus, byname of Marcus Aurelius Severus Antoninus Augustus, original name (until AD 196) Septimius Bassianus, also called (AD 196–198) Marcus Aurelius Antoninus Caesar Roman emperor, ruling jointly with his father, Septimius Severus, from 198 to 211 and then alone from 211 until his assassination in 217. His principal achievements were his colossal baths in Rome and his edict of 212, giving Roman citizenship to all free inhabitants of the empire. Caracalla, whose reign contributed to the decay

China, Transportation

2005-07-23T16:20:00.000-07:00

Great emphasis has been placed on the development of transport, because it is closely related to the development of the national economy, the consolidation of the national defense system, and the strengthening of national unification. Nevertheless, China's domestic transport system continues to constitute a major constraint on economic growth and the efficient

Hemel Hempstead

2005-07-08T13:45:00.000-07:00

Town, Dacorum district, administrative and historic county of Hertfordshire, England, northwest of London. The first charter was granted in 1539. The new town, one of eight designed by British planners to accommodate London's overspill population, has been grafted onto the old market town since 1947. Landscaping has been assisted by the presence of the picturesque River Gade.

Literature, United Kingdom.

2005-07-06T18:10:00.000-07:00

The Booker Prize chairman of judges, Lord Kenneth Baker, reported that the many entries he had read during 2001 proved that the novel was thriving and keeping abreast of developments within British life. Displacement, often depicted through the uprooted feelings of émigrés or refugees, was a strong presence

Vrije Volk, Het

2005-06-30T20:00:00.000-07:00

(Dutch: “The Free People”), Socialist evening daily newspaper published in 30 regional editions in Rotterdam and outlying locations, one of the largest and most influential dailies in The Netherlands. It was established in 1900 as Het Volk (“The People”), the official organ of the Socialist Democratic Labour Party. During the German occupation of The Netherlands in World War

Australia Day

2005-06-23T02:20:00.000-07:00

Holiday (January 26) honouring the establishment of the first permanent European settlement on the continent of Australia. On January 26, 1788, Arthur Phillip, who had sailed into what is now Sydney Cove with a shipload of convicts, hoisted the British flag at the site. In the early 1800s the date, called Foundation Day, was celebrated by politicians and businessmen of New South Wales

Nervous System, Human, Facial nerve (CN VII or 7)

2005-06-21T08:05:00.000-07:00

From the facial nucleus in the pons, facial motor fibres enter the internal auditory meatus, pass through the temporal bone, exit the skull via the stylomastoid foramen, and fan out over each side

Reproduction, Life cycles of animals

2005-06-16T11:30:00.000-07:00

Invertebrate animals have a rich variety of life cycles, especially among those forms that undergo metamorphosis, a radical physical change. Butterflies, for instance, have a caterpillar stage (larva), a dormant chrysalis stage (pupa), and an adult stage (imago). One remarkable aspect of this development is that, during the transition from caterpillar to adult, most of

Ahura Mazda

2005-06-13T06:25:00.000-07:00

According to Zoroaster, Ahura Mazda created the universe and the cosmic order that he maintains.

Hinduism, Ahimsa: non-injury

2005-06-01T15:50:00.000-07:00

A further characteristic of Hinduism is the ideal of ahimsa. Ahimsa, “non-injury” or the absence of the desire to harm, is regarded by Indian thinkers as one of the keystones of their ethics. Historically, ahimsa is unrelated to vegetarianism; in ancient India, killing people in war or in capital punishment and killing animals in Vedic sacrifices were acceptable to many

Lupton, Thomas Goff

2005-05-18T06:15:00.000-07:00

Lupton was apprenticed

Mauritania

2005-05-16T11:35:00.000-07:00

Officially Islamic Republic of Mauritania , Arabic Muritaniya , or al-Jumhuriyah al-Islamiyah al-Muritaniyah , French Mauritanie , or République Islamique de Mauritanie state in northwestern Africa. With an area of 398,000 square miles (1,030,700 square kilometres), it has the shape of an indented rectangle measuring about 930 miles (1,500 kilometres) from north to south and about 680 miles from east to west. It is bordered to the northwest by the Western Sahara (formerly Spanish Sahara), to the northeast by Algeria, to the east and southeast by Mali, and to the southwest

Ramatirtha

2005-05-14T09:20:00.000-07:00

Also spelled Rama Tirtha, original name Tirath Rama Hindu religious leader known for the highly personal and poetic manner in which he taught what he styled “Practical Vedanta,” using common experiences to illustrate the divine nature of man. For Ramatirtha, any object whatever could be approached as a “mirror to

Elam

2005-03-15T06:04:00.000-08:00

Throughout the late prehistoric periods, Elam was closely tied

West Bengal, Agriculture

2005-03-14T16:49:00.000-08:00

Agriculture dominates both the landscape and the economy. West Bengal exceeds all other states in its proportion of agricultural land (65 percent). Rice, which requires extensive irrigation, is the leading crop in every district except Darjiling, where it is surpassed by millet. Despite the small area of the state, West Bengal plants 14 percent of the nation's rice area and

Kochian Stage

2005-03-11T00:56:00.000-08:00

Lowermost and oldest major division of the Lower Cretaceous rocks and time in Japan (the Cretaceous Period began about 136,000,000 years ago and lasted about 71,000,000 years). The Kochian Stage precedes the Aritan Stage and is correlated with the lower portions of the Neocomian Stage, the worldwide standard lowermost Cretaceous stage. It is characterized by fossil ammonite

Sino-tibetan Languages, Burmic languages

2005-03-04T22:50:00.000-08:00

A number of Tibeto-Burman languages that are difficult to classify have marginal affiliations with Burmic. The Luish languages (Andro, Sengmai, Kadu, Sak, and perhaps also Chairel) in Manipur, India, and adjacent Myanmar resemble Kachin; Nung (including Rawang and Trung) in Kachin state in Myanmar and in Yunnan,

Italy

2005-03-03T13:26:00.000-08:00

The first major power in the peninsula was the Etruscans. From Etruria, Etruscan

International Relations, Strategic bombing

2005-03-02T09:35:00.000-08:00

Allied strategic bombing was the most deadly form of economic warfare ever devised and showed another side of the indiscriminateness of industrial war. But in mid-1941 the British Chiefs of Staff soberly concluded that morale, not industry, was Germany's most vulnerable point and ordered Sir Arthur Harris of the RAF Bomber Command to concentrate on �area bombing� of

Scotland, Daily life and social customs

2005-03-01T15:01:00.000-08:00

Although bagpipes have ancient origins elsewhere and are found throughout the world, they are one of the most recognized symbols of Scottish culture. By the 16th century, various clans had established hereditary pipers, and later the instrument was used in wartime to inflame the passions of soldiers in battle. The form of the kilt, Scotland's national costume, has evolved

Bradley, F(rancis) H(erbert)

2005-02-28T01:44:00.000-08:00

Elected to a fellowship at Merton College, Oxford, in 1870, Bradley soon became ill with a kidney disease that made him a semi-invalid

Economic Affairs

2005-02-27T15:50:00.000-08:00

For the American

Novello, Antonia

2005-02-26T05:04:00.000-08:00

Antonia Coello suffered from a painful colon condition from birth until she underwent corrective surgery at age 18. This experience influenced her to train as a physician in order to help minimize suffering in others. After

Arinnitti

2005-02-24T19:06:00.000-08:00

Hattian �Wurusemu� Hittite sun goddess, the principal deity and patron of the Hittite empire and monarchy. Her consort, the weather god Taru, was second to Arinnitti in importance, indicating that she probably originated in matriarchal times. Arinnitti's precursor seems to have been a mother-goddess of Anatolia, symbolic of earth and fertility. Arinnitti's attributes were righteous

Kwandebele

2005-02-23T16:43:00.000-08:00

Former nonindependent black state and enclave in central Transvaal province, South Africa, that was a self-governing �national state� for Transvaal Ndebele people from 1981 to 1994. KwaNdebele was located in a 3,500-foot- (1,060-metre-) high dry savanna area about 100 miles (160 km) northeast of Johannesburg. It was established in 1979, when many Transvaal Ndebele were expelled from the nearby Bophuthatswana

Celery Cabbage

2005-02-22T13:17:00.000-08:00

(Brassica pekinensis), species of mustard cultivated for its edible leaves. See Chinese cabbage.

Arabian Religion

2005-02-21T07:32:00.000-08:00

The sanctuaries, sometimes carved in the rock on high places, consisted of a haram, a sacred open-air enclosure, accessible only to unarmed and ritually clean people in ritual clothes. There the baetyl, a �raised stone,� or a statue of the god, was worshiped. The Nabataeans originally represented their gods as baetyls on a podium, but later they gave them a human

Sardinian Language

2005-02-20T06:20:00.000-08:00

Sardinian �Sardo� Romance language spoken on the Italian-ruled island of Sardinia; it is most similar to Vulgar Latin of all the modern Romance languages. Major dialects of Sardinian are Logudorian, spoken in central Sardinia; Campidanian, spoken in the south; Sassarian, spoken in the northwest; and Gallurian, spoken in the northeast. There is no standard form of Sardinian except the

Switzerland, The growth of confederation

2005-02-19T10:37:00.000-08:00

The threatened communities of Uri, Schwyz, and Unterwalden were populated by a large number of free peasants. Although the origin of their freedom is not exactly known, it can be attributed in part to their need to cooperate in order to maintain an agrarian economy in the severe environmental conditions of the Alpine valleys. Problems relating to the use of pasturelands,

Mughal Architecture

2005-02-18T03:24:00.000-08:00

Building style that flourished in northern and central India under the patronage of the Mughal emperors from the mid-16th to the late 17th century. The Mughal period marked a striking revival of Islamic architecture in northern India. Under the patronage of the Mughal emperors, Persian, Indian, and various provincial styles were fused to produce works of unusual quality

Mughal Architecture

2005-02-17T21:56:00.000-08:00

Farman, Henri

2005-02-16T22:21:00.000-08:00

Born to British parents, he was first a painter and later a racing motorist. With his brother Maurice he modified a Voisin pusher biplane and in January 1908 won a �2,000 prize that had been offered for a circular

Christian Socialism

2005-02-15T23:35:00.000-08:00

Movement of the mid-19th century that attempted to apply the social principles of Christianity to modern industrial life. The term was generally associated with the demands of Christian activists for a social program of political and economic action on behalf of all individuals, impoverished or wealthy, and the term was used in contradistinction to laissez-faire

Saratoga, Battles Of

2005-02-14T06:03:00.000-08:00

In the American Revolution, closely related engagements in the fall of 1777 that are often called the turning point of the war in favour of the Americans. The failure of the American invasion of Canada in 1775 - 76 had left a large surplus of British troops along the St. Lawrence River. In 1777 these troops were to move south and join forces with General Sir William Howe's troops along the

Andrea Da Firenze

2005-02-13T17:58:00.000-08:00

Andrea studied at the Arte dei Medici e degli Speziali in Florence. At the end of 1365 he was commissioned to decorate the chapter house of the church of Sta. Maria Novella. Also attributed to him are the decorations in the Spanish chapel and

France, History Of, The Fifth Republic

2005-02-12T20:33:00.000-08:00

During his years of self-imposed exile, de Gaulle had scorned and derided the Fourth Republic and its leaders. He had briefly sought to oppose the regime by organizing a Gaullist party, but he had soon abandoned this venture as futile. Back in power, he adopted a more conciliatory line; he invited a number of old politicians to join his Cabinet, but he made sure that his

Badminton

2005-02-10T17:24:00.000-08:00

On the men's side Indonesia came through its preliminary round-robin group without losing a single

Saracoglu, S�

2005-02-09T03:55:00.000-08:00

Having studied economics and political science in Geneva, Saracoglu returned to Turkey in 1918 following the defeat of the Ottoman Empire in World War I (1914 - 18). He joined the movement of Mustafa Kemal (later Atat�rk) to resist the Allied occupation

Botswana, Resources

2005-02-08T00:50:00.000-08:00

Diamonds, the major economic resource of the country, have been exploited on a large scale since 1970. They are mined from some of the world's largest diamond pipes at Orapa and Letlhakane, south of the Makgadikgadi pans, and at Jwaneng in the southeastern sandveld. Nickel and copper have been mined at Selebi-Phikwe near the Motloutse River since 1974. Coal is mined for power generation

Lens

2005-02-07T17:17:00.000-08:00

Industrial town, Pas-de-Calais d�partement, Nord-Pas-de-Calais r�gion, northern France, south-southwest of Lille. It is the chief urban centre of the Pas-de-Calais coal basin (a portion of which was scheduled to be abandoned after 1983); the urban agglomeration includes the mining settlements of Li�vin, Bruay-en-Artois, and H�nin-Li�tard. The town is active in both service industries

English Literature, The Edwardians

2005-02-06T17:06:00.000-08:00

The 20th century opened with great hope but also with some apprehension, for the new century marked the onset of a new millennium. For many, mankind was entering upon an unprecedented era. H.G. Wells's utopian studies, the aptly titled Anticipations of the Reaction of Mechanical and Scientific Progress upon Human Life and Thought (1901) and A Modern Utopia (1905), both captured and

Tzetzes, John

2005-02-05T02:33:00.000-08:00

Tzetzes was for a time secretary to a provincial governor, then earned a meagre living by teaching and writing. He has been described as the perfect specimen of the Byzantine pedant.

Forbes, Edward

2005-02-04T23:38:00.000-08:00

While a medical student at Edinburgh, Forbes embarked upon a botanical tour of Norway (1833). Drawn to natural science, he then began an extensive study

Interior Design, Natural elements

2005-02-03T16:35:00.000-08:00

No man-made object can equal the beauty found in nature, and it is not surprising that the introduction of natural elements into interiors has always been considered desirable. In spite of their beauty, one cannot arbitrarily introduce a plant, a tree, or rocks, or water into an interior. The foremost considerations must be the location of the space, its climate, and its

Photoelectric Effect

2005-02-02T04:19:00.000-08:00

Photoemissive phenomena are well known for the higher energy ranges in the X-ray and gamma regions because such penetrating radiation can release photoelectrons from inner atomic shells. If a vacancy is produced in an inner shell because of the removal of an electron through the photoelectric process, the vacancy will be filled by an electron from a less tightly

Fuller, Ray W.

2005-01-31T19:49:00.000-08:00

U.S. biochemist who, as a pharmacological researcher at Eli Lilly

Fuller, Ray W.

2005-01-30T03:04:00.000-08:00

U.S. biochemist who, as a pharmacological researcher at Eli Lilly

Animals, The

2005-01-29T05:43:00.000-08:00

Five-piece rock group from northeastern England whose driving sound influenced Bob Dylan's decision, in 1965, to begin working with musicians playing electric instruments. The principal members were Eric Burdon (b. May 11, 1941, Newcastle upon Tyne, Tyne and Wear, Eng.), Alan Price (b. April 19, 1942, Fatfield, Durham), Hilton Valentine (b. May 21, 1943, North Shields, Tyne and Wear), Chas Chandler (byname of Bryan

Ghibli

2005-01-28T18:31:00.000-08:00

Hot and dusty wind descending from the interior highlands of Libya toward the Mediterranean Sea. See foehn.

Ghibli

2005-01-27T23:50:00.000-08:00

Hot and dusty wind descending from the interior highlands of Libya toward the Mediterranean Sea. See foehn.

Philadelphia

2005-01-26T15:16:00.000-08:00

Philadelphia has been described either as the elegant but rather jaded great lady or as the overage and sickly spinster of American cities. A more realistic look at Philadelphia, however, shows it to be a very

Smith, Emmitt

2005-01-25T18:26:00.000-08:00

Smith excelled early in football, starring in youth leagues and,

Haraszthy De Mokcsa, Agoston

2005-01-24T18:55:00.000-08:00

The son of a landowner, Haraszthy immigrated to the United States in 1840. He went to the upper Midwest and founded what is now Sauk City, Wis. In 1849 he journeyed with his family to San Diego, Calif., where he

Gnu

2005-01-23T01:33:00.000-08:00

The gnu, which stands higher at the shoulder than at the rump, attains a shoulder height of 1 - 1.3 metres (3 - 4 feet). The southern African form, the white-tailed gnu, or black wildebeest (C. gnou), is dark brown with long black tufts

Wildgans, Anton

2005-01-22T11:12:00.000-08:00

The son of a judge, Wildgans became a lawyer but soon turned to writing. His childhood had been marred by his relations with his stepmother. His early poems, among which was the collection Herbstfr

Furniture, Other materials

2005-01-20T21:09:00.000-08:00

Among other secondary materials in furniture making, glass has been used in the form of mirrorglass or as a purely decorative, illusionistic element in cabinets and writing desks. Italian craftsmen have made glass furniture; that is, wooden furniture covered with silvered glass in various colours. Ivory and other forms of bone were used as inlay material in Egyptian

Smorgasbord

2005-01-19T01:24:00.000-08:00

Swedish �Sm�rg�sbord, � in Swedish cuisine, buffet offering a variety of fish, cheeses, and hot and cold dishes. In the country districts of Sweden, it was customary for guests to contribute to the fare at large gatherings. The foods were set out on long tables from which the diners helped themselves. By the 18th century, festive meals were preceded by appetizers from a bannvinsbord, offering aquavit,

L�vi, Sylvain

2005-01-18T04:24:00.000-08:00

Appointed a lecturer at the school of higher studies in Paris (1886), he taught Sanskrit at the Sorbonne (1889 - 94) and wrote his doctoral dissertation, Le Th��tre indien (1890; �The Indian Theatre�), which became a standard treatise on

Chatham Strait

2005-01-17T18:59:00.000-08:00

Narrow passage of the eastern North Pacific through the northern Alexander Archipelago, southeastern Alaska, U.S. It extends for 150 miles (240 km) from the junction of Icy Strait and Lynn Canal, past Chichagof and Baranof islands (west) and Admiralty and Kuiu islands (east), to Coronation Island and the open sea. The deep, fault-formed strait, 3 - 10 miles (5 - 16 km) wide, is navigable and forms

Quicklime

2005-01-16T14:28:00.000-08:00

Calcium oxide, an alkaline inorganic compound of calcium (q.v.).

Algeria, World War II and the movement for independence

2005-01-15T00:16:00.000-08:00

World War II brought with it the collapse of France and, in 1942, the Anglo-American occupation of North Africa. The occupation forces were to some extent automatically agents of emancipation; both Allied and Axis radio stations began to broadcast in Arabic, promising a new world for formerly subject peoples. The effect was further heightened by the June 1941 promise of emancipation

Smith, Gerrit

2005-01-14T23:55:00.000-08:00

Smith was born into a wealthy family. In about 1828 he became an active worker in the cause of temperance, and in his home village, Peterboro, he built one of the first temperance hotels in the country. He became

Carter, Angela

2005-01-13T07:37:00.000-08:00

Carter rejected an Oxford education to work as a journalist with the Croydon Advertiser, but she later studied medieval literature at the University of Bristol (B.A., 1965). She had moderate success with

Performing Arts, Latin America.

2005-01-12T18:40:00.000-08:00

The Brazilian director Walter Salles, Jr., enjoyed worldwide success with Central do Brasil (Central Station), the story of a mean old spinster who unwillingly discovers her own resources of humanity through an encounter with an irresistibly appealing little orphan boy. In marked contrast was the visionary style of Djalma Limongi Batista's fantasy biography of

Sotheby's

2005-01-11T10:34:00.000-08:00

The founder, Samuel Baker (died 1778), a London bookseller, held his first auction (under his own name) early in 1744, selling an estate library of 457 books. Establishing the firm in York Street and handling

Earth, Areas of glacial depression and postglacial rebound

2005-01-10T00:15:00.000-08:00

Prominent negative areas of the geoid include Antarctica and northern North America centred over Hudson Bay. Both of these regions were covered with ice sheets during Pleistocene time (about 10,000 to 1,700,000 years ago), and it is believed the negative anomalies are related to a residual depression of the lithosphere that remained after the ice retreat. When an ice sheet develops

Syrian And Palestinian Religion, The Baal cycle

2005-01-09T10:12:00.000-08:00

Baal (Hadad) is regularly denominated �the son of Dagan,� although Dagan (biblical Dagon) does not appear as an actor in the mythological texts. Baal also bears the titles �Rider of the Clouds,� �Almighty,� and �Lord of the Earth.� He is the god of the thunderstorm, the most vigorous and aggressive of the gods, the one on whom mortals most immediately depend. Baal resides on Mount Zaphon

Wychavon

2005-01-08T20:02:00.000-08:00

District, administrative county of Worcestershire, west-central England, in the southeastern part of the county. Most of the district is in the historic county of Worcestershire, but the area around Hinton and Childwickham and the parishes of Ashton-under-Hill and Kemerton belong the historic county of Gloucestershire. Wychavon district consists mostly of the

Work, History Of The Organization Of, Textiles

2005-01-07T10:14:00.000-08:00

The same type of specialization is also implied in the making of textiles. Early protective garments were derived from animal skins. The development of agriculture cut into the supply of available skins and required a substitute material for clothing. To make textiles, yarn had to be spun; the earliest apparatus for this work consisted of a spindle and a distaff

Marchesi De Castrone, Mathilde

2005-01-06T22:27:00.000-08:00

She studied in Paris under Manuel Garc�a, the foremost teacher of singing of the 19th century, and made her debut as a singer in 1849. In 1854 she began teaching. She taught at the conservatories of Vienna and Cologne as well as in London and

Wien, Wilhelm

2005-01-05T09:23:00.000-08:00

Wien obtained his doctorate at the University of Berlin in 1886 and soon began to work on the problem of

Ringerike

2005-01-04T15:20:00.000-08:00

Kommune (�commune�) and geographic region, Buskerud fylke (county), southeastern Norway, just northwest of Oslo. The region covers a total area of 600 square miles (1,553 square km) adjacent to the northern shore of Tyri Lake and northward to Rands Lake. The Ringerike was inhabited as early as AD 200 and existed as a petty kingdom in the 8th and 9th centuries. During the 10th century Norway's greatest

Azteco-tanoan Languages

2005-01-03T10:37:00.000-08:00

A major grouping (phylum or superstock) of American Indian languages that includes the large Uto-Aztecan language family and the small Kiowa-Tanoan language family of New Mexico and Oklahoma. The Uto-Aztecan languages are widely spoken in Mexico, northern Guatemala, and, by fewer numbers, in California, the Great Basin, and Arizona. The Kiowa-Tanoan languages are four

Knickerbocker School

2005-01-02T21:04:00.000-08:00

Group of writers active in and around New York City during the first half of the 19th century. Taking its name from Washington Irving's Knickerbocker's History of New York (1809), the group, whose affiliation was more a regional than an aesthetic matter, sought to promote a genuinely American national culture and establish New York City as its literary centre. The most important

Philately

2005-01-01T23:21:00.000-08:00

The study of postage stamps, stamped envelopes, postmarks, postcards, and other materials relating to postal delivery. The term philately also denotes the collecting of these items. The term was coined in 1864 by a Frenchman, Georges Herpin, who invented it from the Greek philos, �love,� and ateleia, �that which is tax-free�; the postage stamp permitted the letter to come free of

Macarius The Egyptian

2004-12-31T16:52:00.000-08:00

About the age of 30 Macarius retired to the desert of Scete, where for 60 years

Rawson

2004-12-30T01:41:00.000-08:00

Town, capital of Chubut province, southern Argentina. It lies along the Chubut River near the latter's mouth, about 5 miles (8 km) upriver from the Atlantic coast. It was founded in 1865 by Welsh settlers and named after Guillermo Rawson (1821 - 90), then Argentine minister of the interior. Although the port has declined in importance, there are small installations for fisheries. A beach

Buxton, Sir Thomas Fowell, 1st Baronet

2004-12-29T13:05:00.000-08:00

A brother-in-law of the prison reformer Elizabeth Fry, Buxton, in

Buxton, Sir Thomas Fowell, 1st Baronet

2004-12-28T11:43:00.000-08:00

A brother-in-law of the prison reformer Elizabeth Fry, Buxton, in

Wilberforce, Samuel

2004-12-27T18:24:00.000-08:00

The son of the politician and antislavery

Romanian Literature

2004-12-26T06:48:00.000-08:00

The first landmark of this period was the uprising of Tudor Vladimirescu (1821) in Walachia against the Ottoman Turks and the return of the national rulers. Romanticism carried forward the falling wave of the Latinist movement. In the second half of the 19th century a serious literary criticism, which originated in German philosophy and French culture, inaugurated modern

Shah Jahan

2004-12-25T13:05:00.000-08:00

He was the third son of the Mughal emperor Jahangir and the Rajput princess Manmati. Marrying in 1612 Arjumand Banu Baygam, niece of Jahangir's wife Nur Jahan, he became, as Prince Khurram, one of the influential Nur Jahan clique of the middle period of Jahangir's reign. In 1622 Shah Jahan, ambitious to win the succession, rebelled,

Binary Star

2004-12-24T16:40:00.000-08:00

If the images of the two components of a binary star system can be separated by telescope, it is called

Lebed, Aleksandr Ivanovich

2004-12-23T09:14:00.000-08:00

Soviet general and politician (b. April 20, 1950, Novocherkassk, near Rostov, Russian S.F.S.R., U.S.S.R. - d. April 28, 2002, Abakan, Russia), was a decorated military hero who made headlines in 1991 when he refused to lead troops against Russian Pres. Boris Yeltsin in the aborted coup against Soviet Pres. Mikhail Gorbachev; in 1996 he unsuccessfully ran against Yeltsin in the Russian Federation's presidential

Mckay, Claude

2004-12-22T15:52:00.000-08:00

After attending Tuskegee Institute (1912) and Kansas State Teachers College (1912 - 14), McKay went to New

Guadalajara

2004-12-21T02:04:00.000-08:00

Province, in the autonomous community (region) of Castile-La Mancha, central Spain, occupying part of the uptilted northeastern edge of the Meseta Central (plateau). In the north are highlands that reach their greatest elevations in Cerro de San Felipe (7,214 feet [2,199 metres]), and other spurs of the Sierra de Guadarrama. In the south, the land slopes into the plateau basin of New Castile.

Bulgakov, Mikhail Afanasyevich

2004-12-20T20:52:00.000-08:00

Beginning his adult life as a doctor, Bulgakov gave up medicine for writing. His first major work was the novel Belaya gvardiya (The White Guard), serialized in 1925 but never published in book form. A realistic and

'ubayd, Tall Al-

2004-12-19T09:07:00.000-08:00

Also spelled �Tell El-ubaid, � ancient site that gave its name to a prehistoric cultural period, the Ubaid, in Mesopotamia; it is located near the ruins of ancient Ur in present-day southeastern Iraq. Excavations have uncovered Ubaidian remains throughout southern Mesopotamia. The hallmark of the period was a painted pottery decorated with geometric and sometimes floral and animal designs

Carthusian

2004-12-18T04:20:00.000-08:00

Member of �Order of Carthusians (O.Cart.)� an order of monks founded by St. Bruno of Cologne in 1084 in the valley of Chartreuse, north of Grenoble, Fr. The Carthusians, who played an important role in the monastic-reform movement of the 11th and 12th centuries, combine the solitary life of hermits with a common life within the walls of a monastery. The monks live in individual cells, where they pray, study, eat, and sleep, gathering

China, The era of �barbarian� invasions and rule

2004-12-17T19:34:00.000-08:00

For the first time, the power vacuum was filled by non-Chinese forces. In 304 a Sinicized Hsiung-nu chieftain, Liu Y�an, assumed the title of king of Han and started the conquest of northern China. Operating from bases in western and southern Shansi, the Hsiung-nu armies, supported by local Chinese rebels, conquered the ancient homeland of Chinese civilization; the fall and

Adenauer, Konrad

2004-12-16T18:26:00.000-08:00

First chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany; 1949 - 63), presiding over its reconstruction after World War II. A Christian Democrat and firmly anticommunist, he supported NATO, and he worked to reconcile Germany with its former enemies, especially France.

Outlaw Music

2004-12-15T04:22:00.000-08:00

Movement of American country music in the 1970s spearheaded by Willie Nelson and Waylon Jennings (b. June 15, 1937, Littlefield, Texas, U.S. - d. February 13, 2002, Chandler, Arizona). Sometimes called progressive country, outlaw music was an attempt to escape the formulaic constraints of the Nashville Sound (simple songs, the use of studio musicians, and lush production), country's dominant style

Teaching Machine

2004-12-14T10:04:00.000-08:00

There are many types of teaching machines. In general, they all work on the same method, which is to present a question, have the user indicate the answer, and then provide the user with the correct answer. Some machines may be extremely simple, such as test sheets or books so programmed that

Daimlerchrysler Ag

2004-12-13T20:37:00.000-08:00

The origins of Chrysler Corporation lie in Maxwell Motor Company, Inc. (first formed in 1913). The first Maxwell car was made in 1904 by Jonathan Maxwell and Benjamin Briscoe, who in 1909 joined the short-lived United States Motor Company. With the collapse of this combine in 1913, Maxwell continued on alone until the postwar recession, when Walter P. Chrysler was brought in to revitalize

Daimlerchrysler Ag

2004-12-12T18:03:00.000-08:00

Athlone, Godard Van Reede, 1st Earl Of, Baron Of Aughrim, Heer (lord) Van Ginkel

2004-12-11T17:44:00.000-08:00

Van Reede's father, Adriaan, the first baron van Reede (a Danish title),